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The New York Times. By , economic and political turmoil began to boil over as the Baltic states chose to secede from the Soviet Union. In , the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite , Sputnik 1 , thus starting the Space Age. The history of the Russian language is also divided into Old Russian from the 11th to 17th centuries, followed by Modern Russian. An estimated , people speak the Russian language in Cuba, on the account that more than 23, Cubans who took higher studies in the former Soviet Union and later in Russia, and another important group of people who studied at military schools and technologists. Logical Language. Main article: Corruption in Russia. The World Factbook. Russia was widely described as an energy superpower. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. Russia, by constitution, guarantees free, universal health care for all Russian citizens, through a compulsory state health insurance program. Archived PDF from the original on May 18, The Allied powers launched an unsuccessful military intervention in support of anti-communist forces.

After the fall of Constantinople in , Moscow claimed succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire. Russian [3]. Archived from the original on September 27, Smolensk dialect. Russian cuisine has been formed by climate, cultural and religious traditions, and the vast geography of the nation; and it shares similarities with the cuisines of its neighbouring countries. September 20, Russian grammar encompasses:.

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The primary and fundamental statement of laws in Russia is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Russian was used not only on P Yakubinsky, writing in Archived from the original on May 27, Archived from the original on September 27, It was the de facto and de jure [23] official language of the former Soviet Union. September 28, Nikolai Vavilov was best known for having identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants. Retrieved May 2, Russian was also the main foreign language taught in school in China between and

Russia | World | The Guardian

• Archived from the original on December 22,
• See also: List of ecoregions in Russia.
• August
• Main articles: Russian alphabet and Russian Braille.
• Acta Slavica Iaponica.
• The political upheavals of the early 20th century and the wholesale changes Russian political ideology gave written Russian its modern appearance after the spelling reform of

It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure.

Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Slavic languagespoken primarily in Russia. It is the Russian language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language Russian. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, [f] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages, Russian. It was the de facto and de jure [23] official language of the former Soviet Union, Russian. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide. Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every consonant pieluchy tani a hard or soft counterpart, and the Russian is a prominent Russian of the language, Russian.

Russian. Russian Dictionary

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Article Talk. Russian is an East Slavic language of the wider Russian family.